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Arises from any part of the skin
Skin cancer may involve the epidermis, dermis, neural crest, epidermal appendages, nerves, blood vessels, or any specialized cellular elements within these structures
· Most common
non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma
Incidence
· Difficult at accurately access, not all recorded
· Approximately 800,000 new NMSC annually in the US
· Approximately 36,000 new Melanoma annually in the US
· Skin cancer comprises 1/3 of all cancers diagnosed skin cancer malignant melanoma squamous cell carcinoma basal cell carcinoma
· 1 out of 5 individuals will have a skin cancer in their lifetime
Epidemiology
· More common in:
-fair skinned individuals
-outdoor workers or those with significant UV exposure
-certain genetic syndromes
Albinism
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Xeroderma Pigmentosa
· Incidence increased with decreasing latitude
Pathogenesis
· Multifactorial
· Ultraviolet radiation especially UVB and UVA
-causes cutaneous immunosuppression and DNA damage
-clonal expansion of malignant cells
· Genotype and phenotype
-skin color
-genetic inability to repair DNA damage by UVR
-inability to stop malignant cell cycles
-defective tumor suppressor
-defective oncogene
· Environmental exposure
-intermittent severe burns more associated with melanoma
-chronic sun exposure more associated with NMSC
-arsenic
-immunosuppression
Death Rates
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