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· In 1995, 34% of seniors, 28% of tenth grader's, and 19% of a eighth grader's smoked regularly.
· This represents the highest rate of use since 1979.
· Rates are increasing for all racial and
· Since 1990, annual use by 6-8th graders has risen 200% (to 13.6%), and by 110% in high school seniors (to 35%)
· Young blacks are most often affected by the surge in marijuana use, females are affected more than
· 17% of seniors use marijuana weekly and 7% use marijuana daily
· 69% of marijuana users also drank alcohol (vs. 7.4% of non-users)
· 13% of marijuana users also used cocaine monthly (vs. 0.1% of non-users)
· 19% of marijuana users used hallucinogens monthly (vs. 0.2% of non-users)
· 21% used an illicit drug in last year
· 16% used marijuana in last year
· 22% used inhalants in lifetime
· 34% used alcohol in past month
· 26% have binge drunk in last two weeks
· 16% used cigarettes in last month
· Family history of drug use
· Psychopathology
· Low self-esteem
· Poor social skills
· School problem
· Poor relationships with parents
· Lack of bonding to social groups
· Lack of conformity to social rules
· School, job, ir legal difficulties
· Health problems
· Clear parent-defined conduct norms
· Parenting style that includes praise, encouragement, trust, advice, guidance
· Parental monitoring
· Siblings and peers are non-users
· Social bonding
· Positive temperament
· External support system reinforces coping and strengths
· Repertoire of problem solving skills
· Belief in self-efficacy
· Resilient youth
1. No use of alcohol/tobacco/drugs
2. Initial use of beer or wine
3. Use of cigarettes or liquor
4. Use of marijuana
5. Other illicit drugs - cocaine, LSD
Mood: Normal - euphoria - normal
Feelings: Feel good, few consequences
Drugs: Alcohol, tobacco
Behavior: Little detectable change
Frequency: Weekend and party use