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Diabetes mellitus comprises a diverse group of heterogeneous disorders which have hyperglycemia as a common manifestation. Increasing evidence is accruing that even mild degrees of hyperglycemia are associated with long-term complications and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Types of Diabetes |
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Type |
Pathophysiology |
Age of onset/predictors |
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Type I (IDDM) |
Autoimmune beta cell destruction |
Younger with 40% < 20 Can occur at any age, +FH |
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Type II (NIDDM) |
Multiple genes presumed (none identified to date) Obesity major risk factor |
Older; majority > 40; Gestational; obesity |
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MODY (maturity onset) |
Glucokinase gene mutations in < 20% |
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