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HIV Infection and AIDS

HIV Transmission Categories

Risk Factors in Adults

Male sex with male (MSM) 42-45%

Injection drug use (IDU) 26-31%

Heterosexual 11%

Transfusion 1%

Less than one in 700,000 units of blood is HIV infected because it is missed by routine screening

Hemophilia 1%

Undetermined 15%

Risk factors in children (<13 years of age)

Perinatal 91%

Risk unidentified 5%

Majority of pediatric cases are caused by perinatal transmission

Transfusion 3%

Hemophilia 1%

Epidemiology

Epidemiology of HIV Infection in Adolescents (13-19 years of age)

15% of adult AIDS cases were acquired during adolescence

25% of heterosexually acquired AIDS cases were infected as teens

Serious immune dysfunction at presentation is common

Adolescents have a shorter survival time after HIV diagnosis than adults

Severity of immune dysfunction suggests long-standing or advanced disease is usually present at diagnosis

Risk factors in adolescents vary by gender

Higher proportion of females are infected in the adolescent group than in any other age group

Cause of Infection in Female Teens

Heterosexual contact (54-76%)

Intravenous drug use (16%)

Cause of Infection in Male Teens

Received contaminated blood products (46%)

Male sexual contact (33%)

Epidemiology of HIV Infection