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HIV Transmission Categories
Risk Factors in Adults
Male sex with male (MSM) 42-45%
Injection drug use (IDU) 26-31%
Heterosexual 11%
Transfusion 1%
Less than one in 700,000 units of blood is HIV infected because it is missed by routine screening
Hemophilia 1%
Undetermined 15%
Risk factors in children (<13 years of age)
Perinatal 91%
Risk unidentified 5%
Majority of pediatric cases are caused by perinatal transmission
Transfusion 3%
Hemophilia 1%
Epidemiology
Epidemiology of HIV Infection in Adolescents (13-19 years of age)
15% of adult AIDS cases were acquired during adolescence
25% of heterosexually acquired AIDS cases were infected as teens
Serious immune dysfunction at presentation is common
Adolescents have a shorter survival time after HIV diagnosis than adults
Severity of immune dysfunction suggests long-standing or advanced disease is usually present at diagnosis
Risk factors in adolescents vary by gender
Higher proportion of females are infected in the adolescent group than in any other age group
Cause of Infection in Female Teens
Heterosexual contact (54-76%)
Intravenous drug use (16%)
Cause of Infection in Male Teens
Received contaminated blood products (46%)
Male sexual contact (33%)
Epidemiology of HIV Infection