Click here to view next page of this article -
· Tentorial
· Foramen Magnum
· Falx
· As brain compliance decreases.
· Infarction and death are unpredictable outcomes of herniation, and they may occur in seconds.
· Mannitol 1 g/kg IV is safe, and it should be given immediately when increased intracranial pressure is suspected.
· Headache
· Vomiting
· Lethargy or irritability
· Abducens palsy, strabismus, and diplopia
· Papilledema
· Bulging fontanelle
· Distended scalp veins
· "Sunsetting" of eyes
· Rapid growth of head circumference
· Irritability, lethargy, and poor feeding
· Confusion
· Stupor
· Coma neurology, raised intracranial pressure, coma, headache, elevated intracranial pressure
· Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
· Gasping; respiratory arrest
· Small, reactive pupils
· 3-5 mm, fixed
· Roving, uninhibited extraocular movements
· Incomplete, dysconjugate gaze
· Absent extraocular movements
· Spastic, decorticate posturing
· Decerebrate posturing
· Flaccid
· Ipsilateral Pupillary Dilatation
· Contralateral Hemiparesis
· Hydrocephalus
· Infarction
· Mass Lesion
· Hemorrhage
· Tumor
· Abscess Cyst
· Inflammatory mass
· Trauma
· Infection: Meningitis, encephalitis
· Hypertension
· Metabolic derangement or toxin exposure